Diameter: 12,100 km
Distance to Sun:
108,200,000 km (0.72 AU)
Orbital Period: 225 Days
Surface Area:
460,000,000 km2
Number of Moons: 0
Axial Tilt: 177.3º
Venus is the second plan-
et from the Sun and is the
closest planet to Earth,
with the closest distance
being 38,200,000 km. The
time it takes to make one
whole axial rotation is 243
Earth days, so that it takes
longer for Venus to make
an axial rotation than it
does to make a whole orbit
of the Sun.
Venus is sometimes bright
enough to be seen in the
day but during a clear night
Venus shines brighter than
any other star in the night
sky. The name of Venus
also comes from Roman
mythology, specically the
Roman goddess of love.
Its atmosphere comprises
of thick and dense carbon
dioxide as well as nitrogen
and sulfuric acids. Venus is
only one of two planets in
the solar system that has
a retrograde spin which
means that it spins in the
opposite directions on its
axis when compared to the
other planets.
The highest temperature
in Venus is 500ºC near the
equator of the planet, but
can get as low as 45ºC at
the cloud tops of the plan-
et, but its average surface
temperate is 470ºC making
it the hottest planet in the
solar system. Its surface
is manly rocky and hard
with numerous volcanoes
all over the planet. Venus
is the hottest planet in
the solar system because
its thick atmosphere and
green house gases traps
huge amounts of heat from
the Sun. The Babylonians
were the rst to record
observations of the planet
over 3,600 years ago.
2
Venus
Diameter: 12,756 km
Distance to Sun:
149,600,000 km (1 AU)
Orbital Period: 365 Days
Surface Area:
510,000,000 km2
Number of Moons: 1
Axial Tilt: 23.4º
Earth, the third planet
from the Sun and the only
planet in this solar system
that can support life. Earth
is also the largest of the
terrestrial or inner planets,
which comprises of Mercu-
ry, Venus, Earth and Mars.
The continents on Earth
have been formed by mil-
lions of years of plate tec-
tonic movements on the
Earths crust.
The unit AU or Astronomi-
cal Unit comes from the
average distance between
the Earth and the Sun; it
has become a standard
unit when measuring the
distance from a planet to
the Sun. The time it takes
for one planetary rotation
on its axis is about 23.93
Earth hours. Alternate
names for Earth are Terra
or Gaia, but the name Earth
comes from Old English
name Eorthe. The atmos-
phere mainly comprises of
nitrogen and oxygen along
with other traces of carbon
dioxide, some water vapor
and other gases.
The atmosphere also pro-
tects the surface of the
planet by shielding harmful
UV rays from the Sun. More
than three quarters of the
Earths surface is covered
with water, which include
rivers, lakes, seas, oceans,
glaciers, and ice caps. The
lowest temperature ever
recorded on Earth is –89ºC
and the highest is 58ºC,
with an average tempera-
ture of 22ºC. The surface
ranges from tall moun-
tains to deep valleys, but
mainly covered with wa-
ter. Over 3,000 years ago
early Greek philosophers
thought that Earth was a
at dish. Earth has only
one moon called Luna, and
its pull of gravity is what
causes the rise and fall of
the oceans called tides.
3
Earth
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